The frame is sturdy, with a geometry similar to a mountain bike, but with a more upright seating position than a mountain bike - less strain on the arms and better visibility. Designed for longer journeys, often adapted for mounting various accessories: mudguards, racks.
Material - aluminium, the most common. Lighter than steel and stronger than carbon fibre. Used in various types of bicycles. It has the best price-weight ratio.
Wheel sizes can be varied according to the purpose of the ride. 26" wheels are usually used for more challenging trail sections. These wheels are the strongest and most manoeuvrable, but have poorer rolling characteristics compared to larger wheels. The 27.5" size is ideal for maintaining the balance between manoeuvrability and stability. Many manufacturers use these wheels on low frame bikes to maintain good rolling characteristics and a low centre of gravity. 29" wheels are used on most mountain bikes. They have good rolling characteristics and a slight improvement in shock absorption.
Front shock absorbing fork for comfort, better grip on different terrains, avoiding obstacles, and safer downhill descents.
Tyre widths and tyre patterns are available to suit your upcoming trips. Often the lightness and durability of the tyre are taken into account. Thicker tyres enable a wider range of surfaces to be driven on.
The tyre is open for easier access for cleaning and replacement. This is important because the chain on a mountain bike wears out more quickly due to the higher load of mud from uphill pedalling.
Plastic mudguards are often added to keep the overall weight of the bike to a minimum and to accommodate the optional luggage rack.
Saddle narrower, harder (compared to city bikes) for a sportier seating position.
Both dynamos for comfort and separate battery lights to maintain a lighter construction.